X5CrNi18-10, 1.4301, AISI 304 - Austenitic stainless steel - base grade 18/8 for general industrial use together with X2CrNi18-9, 1.4307, AISI 304L
X2CrNi19-11, 1.4306 - Stainless steel derivative from 1.4301 with reduced carbon content, increased chromium and nickel.
X8CrNiS18-9, 1.4305, AISI 303 - Automatic stainless steel with high carbon and sulphur content for cutting.
| Standard | Steel Grade | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical composition % | ||||||||||
| C: | Mn: | Si: | P: | S: | Cr: | Ni: | Mo: | Cu: | N: | |
| EN | X5CrNi18-10 - 1.4301 | |||||||||
| <0.07 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.015 | 17.5 - 19.5 | 8.0 - 10.5 | - | - | <0.11 | |
| ASTM | AISI 304 - UNS S30400 - TP304 | |||||||||
| <0.08 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.5 - 20.0 | 8.0 - 11.0 | - | - | <0.10 | |
| EN | X2CrNi19-11 - 1.4306 | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.015 | 18.0 - 20.0 | 10.0 - 12.0 | - | - | <0.1 | |
| EN | X2CrNi18-9 - 1.4307 | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.5 - 19.5 | 8.0 - 10.0 | - | <1.0 | <0.11 | |
| ASTM | AISI 304L - UNS S30403 - TP304L | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.5 - 20.0 | 8.0 - 13.0 | - | - | <0.10 | |
| EN | 1.4305 - X8CrNiS18-9 | |||||||||
| <0.10 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | 0.15 - 0.35 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 8.0 - 10.0 | - | <1.0 | <0.11 | |
| ASTM | AISI 303 - UNS S30300 | |||||||||
| <0.15 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.20 | >0.15 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 8.0 - 10.0 | - | - | - | |
| EN | 1.4303 - X4CrNi18-12 | |||||||||
| <0.06 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 11.0 - 13.0 | - | - | <0.11 | |
| ASTM | AISI 305 - UNS S30500 | |||||||||
| <0.12 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 10.5 - 13.0 | - | - | - | |
| EN | 1.4311 - X2CrNiN18-10 | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.015 | 17.5 - 19.5 | 8.5 - 11.5 | - | - | 0.12 - 0.22 | |
| ASTM | AISI 304LN - UNS S30453 | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <1.0 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 18.0 - 20.0 | 8.0 - 12.0 | - | - | 0.10 - 0.16 | |
| PN | 0H18N9 | |||||||||
| <0.07 | <2.0 | <0.8 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 9.0 - 11.00 | - | - | - | |
| PN | 00H18N10 | |||||||||
| <0.03 | <2.0 | <0.8 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 17.0 - 19.0 | 10.0 - 12.50 | - | - | - | |
X5CrNi18-10, 1.4301, AISI 304 - specification and application
The most popular, basic and at the same time proven grade of chromium-nickel stainless steel in the known base combination 18/8, characterized by excellent intergranular, stress and pitting corrosion resistance. The 304 steel is characterized by full austenitic structure, low carbon content, very good impact strength, formability and ductility, excellent weldability, non-magnetic properties and susceptibility to bending and machining. Attention should also be paid to the high polishing power of the material and susceptibility to crushing, mainly in the case of stainless steel tapes, which after curing reach a strength of 1000-1200 N/mm2. If higher strength is required, higher carbon steel 1.4310 / AISI 301 is used. In addition, the 18/8 Cr-Ni grades are susceptible to mechanical sawing, water cutting and all forms of thermal cutting (plasma and laser).
Over time, years of experience and practice, many varieties of modified 304 steel have been developed, with limited carbon content and even elevated or decreased content of nickel, chromium, sulphur and phosphorus, such as 1.4305, 1.4306, 1.4307 and 1.4310. As a basic, popular and versatile stainless steel material, its use should be classified as basic. In more aggressive environments, the chemical composition is unfortunately not sufficient, which leads manufacturers to use "top shelf" materials containing Molybdenum and Titanium - such as 316L, 316Ti. It is worth mentioning that steel loses its resistance to intergranular corrosion under the influence of cold crushing and hot and cold bending of elements.
It is used in almost most industrial environments - from decoration, construction industry, basic utility equipment to complex components, subassemblies in the chemical, petrochemical, automotive, machinery, food, and even marine, aerospace and railway industries. As stainless steel, it withstands the working environment and contact with steam, water, ammonia, external conditions, hydrogen sulphide, liquid fuels, sulphur, nitric acid, paints, phenols, some ammonium compounds and sulphates. It is suitable for contact with substances present in food production - tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, salicylic acid, vegetable preparations, alcohols, fermented products and other organic substances.
It is less able to work in the environment of formic acid, lactic acid, sometimes also acetic acid at higher temperatures/concentrations, semi-finished products for the production of cleaning powders (e.g. borax), most chlorides and inorganic acids, also sulphuric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, fluorine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium nitrate. This also applies to certain liquid metals at high temperatures - lead, cadmium, zinc, and alumina.
X5CrNi18-10 and S30400 steel is a mass-produced grade, appearing in most forms of semi-finished products, starting from pipes, sheets, bars, profiles or strips. Its application is present in the production of building architecture finishes, structures, gas and chemical drainage systems, household appliances and consumer electronics, other everyday use equipment, agricultural machinery, industrial pipelines, heat exchangers, silos, distillation boilers, pump parts, mixers, paint and pharmaceutical industry equipment, dishes and cutlery, knives, discs, hooks, as well as furnaces in meat processing, exhaust systems, rotors, medical equipment, separators, tanks and tanks for chemicals, valves, other fittings (flanges, nuts, bolts, elbows, arches, tees), compressors, bearings, rings, radiators, apparatus or equipment in the food and chemical industry, springs, shafts, lightly loaded gears, filters and sieves, and even automotive parts.
1.4307, X2CrNi18-9, AISI 304L
Grade similar to material 1.4301 / AISI 304 with additionally reduced carbon content. The application is the same as the model grade. Steel often comes with AISI 304 as double-certified in the form of sheets, pipes or bars
1.4306, X2CrNi19-11
Acid resistant stainless steel with the addition of nitrogen, reduced carbon content and increased chromium 18-20% and nickel 10-12%. Otherwise, the improved version of grade 1.4307 / AISI 304L. Used where normal 304 or 304L material is not sufficient and increased corrosion resistance is required.
1.4305, X8CrNiS18-9, AISI 303
AISI 304, 1.4301, X5CrNi18-10 grade derivative suitable for machining, classified as stainless automatic steel with increased concentration of Sulphur and Coal. It is distinguished from the basic grade by its lack of resistance to intergranular corrosion in delivery and sensitized condition. The purpose of the change is to facilitate machining, improve chip brittleness due to the release of Sulphides during the process. Steel with slightly worse corrosion resistance than AISI 304 / 1.4301 due to relatively high carbon content. Chemical composition similar to 1H18N9.
Mechanical properties 1.4301/1.4307, X5CrNi18-10 / X2CrNi18-9, AISI 304/304L:
- Tensile strength, Rm 460 - 700 N/mm2
- Yield strength, Rp0,2: >190 N/mm2
- Elongation, A: >45%
- Impact strength, KV: >60J
- Modulus of elasticity, E: 200 GPa
- Hardness, HB: <215
- Linear expansion coefficient, α: 16,0 * 10-6 K-1
- Thermal capacity, cp20℃: 500 J * kg-1 * K-1
- Thermal conductivity, λ: 15 W * m-1 * K-1
- Resitivity, Ω: 0,73 mkOhm*m
Properties of stainless steel sheets according to EN 10088-4:
- Tensile strength, Rm 520 - 750 N/mm2
- Yield strength, Rp0,2: >210 N/mm2
- Elongation, A: >45%
- Impact strength, KV20℃: >60J
Properties of cold-rolled strips according to EN 10151:
- +C700 - Rm: 700 - 850 MPa, Elongation A: >25%
- +C850 - Rm: 850 - 1000 MPa, Elongation A: >12%
- +C1000 - Rm: 1000 - 1150 MPa, Elongation A: >5%
- +C1150 - Rm: 1150 - 1300 MPa, Elongation A: >3%
- +C1300 - Rm: 1300 - 1500 MPa, Elongation A: >1%
Mechanical properties of bars and wires according to EN 10088-3
- Dimensions <16mm - Rm: 600 - 950 MPa
- Dimensions 16 - 40mm - Rm: 600 - 850 MPa
- Dimensions 40 - 63mm - Rm: 580 - 850 MPa
- Dimensions> 63mm - Rm: 500 - 700 MPa
- Dimensions 0.05 - 0.10mm - Rm: < 1100 MPa
- Dimensions 0.10 - 0.20mm - Rm: < 1050 MPa
- Dimensions 0.20 - 0.50mm - Rm: < 1000 MPa
- Dimensions 0.50 - 1.00mm - Rm: < 950 MPa
- Dimensions 1.00 - 3.00mm - Rm: < 900 MPa
- Dimensions 3.00 - 5.00mm - Rm: < 850 MPa
- Dimensions > 5.00mm - Rm: < 800 MPa
Parameters at elevated and lowered temperatures:
| Properties | Temperatures (℃) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -196 | -150 | -80 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | ||
| Tensile strength, Rm (MPa) | >1250 | >1100 | >860 | >494 | >450 | >420 | >400 | >390 | >380 | >380 | >380 | >370 | >360 | >330 | |
| Yield strength, Rp0,2 (MPa) | >300 | >315 | >270 | >190 | >157 | >142 | >127 | >118 | >110 | >104 | >98 | >95 | >92 | >90 | |
Mechanical properties of 1.4305, X8CrNiS18-9 according to ISO 303
- Tensile strength, Rm 500 - 750 N/mm2
- Yield strength, Rp0,2: >190 N/mm2
- Elongation, A: >35%
- Hardness, HB: <230
Mechanical properties of 1.4306, X2CrNi19-11:
- Tensile strength, Rm 500 - 750 N/mm2
- Yield strength, Rp0,2: >180 N/mm2
- Elongation, A: >45%
- Hardness, HB: <215
- Modulus of elasticity, E: 220 GPa
Heat treatment processes for AISI 304 grade groups
- Saturation at 1000 - 1100℃
- Hot forming at 1200 - 900℃
In the above mentioned grades the company delivers:
- Drawn, peeled, hot-rolled bars
- Thin plates, thick in sheets and coils
- Cold drawn wires in coils or spools
- Seamless, welded stainless steel tubes
- Stainless capillary tubes
- Stainless steel cold-rolled strips
- Forged products, forgings
Fittings - profiles, angles, T-sections, C-section, double T-sections and semicircular bars and handrail profiles
Other designations of the grade:
OH18N9, 0H18N9, 00H18N10, OOH18N10, 1.4301, X 5 CrNi 18-10, AISI 304, TP304, 1.4307, X 2 CrNi 18-9, AISI 304L, TP304L, UNS S30403, 304S11, 304S15, 304S16, 304S17, 304S31, 304S51, 304S71, SUS304, 1.4305, X 8 CrNiS 18-9, AISI 303, X12CrNiS18-8, Z8CNF18-09, Z4CN19-10, Z5CN17-08, Z6CN18-09, Z7CN18-09, Z2CN18-10, Z3CN18-09, Z3CN18-10, Z3CN19-09, Z3CN18-07Az, J-304, STS304, 1.4306, X 2 CrNi 19-11, 1.4311, X2CrNiN18-10, AISI 304LN, UNS S30453, stal 18-8, 18/8, 02Ch18N11, 03Ch18N11, 03Ch18N9, 04Ch18N10, 07Ch18N10, 08Ch18N10, 02Ch18AN10, SUS304L, 07Х18Н10, 08Х18Н10, 02Х18Н11, 03Х18Н11, 02Х18АН10, X7CrNi18-10, 5NiCr180, 18-8L, 18-9, SS2332, SS2333, X5CrNi19-9.