Waspalloy, 2.4654, Haynes® Waspaloy - nickel alloy

Waspalloy, 2.4654, Haynes® Waspaloy - nickel alloy according to ASTM B637, ASME SB637, EN 2582 etc.

# - Mg<0.01. Ca<0.01. Pb<0.001. Ag<0.0005. Bi<0.0001

Waspalloy, 2.4654, Waspaloy – description

Waspaloy is a nickel-based, age hardenable superalloy for gas turbine applications. Creep and heat resistant, it is used up to 870°C in the combustion atmospheres. However, in critical, demanding applications, the maximum operating temperature should not exceed 650°C.

Applications

Gas turbine components in aerospace industry - compressor discs, rotor discs, shafts, spacers, seals, rings, casings, fasteners etc.

Physical and mechanical properties

Room temperature physical properties:

• Density: 8.38 g/cm³
• Melting temperature: 1330-1360 °C
• Precipitation temperature: 980 °C

High-temperature Coefficient of thermal expansion, from 20°C to:

• 500°C: 13.9 μm/m⋅K
• 600°C: 14.3 μm/m⋅K
• 700°C: 14.8 μm/m⋅K
• 800°C: 15.4 μm/m⋅K
• 900°C: 16.4 μm/m⋅K
• 1000°C: 17.8 μm/m⋅K

Thermal conductivity:

• 200°C: 12.6 W/m · K
• 400°C: 15.7 W/m · K
• 600°C: 19.1 W/m · K
• 800°C: 22.7 W/m · K
• 900°C: 24.5 W/m · K

Tensile modulus:

• 20°C: 213 GPa
• 200°C: 204 GPa
• 400°C: 192 GPa
• 600°C: 180 GPa
• 800°C: 164 GPa
• 1000°C: 146 GPa

Tensile properties Waspalloy after heat treatment according to EN 3220 (see section "Heat treatment" for description):

• 20°C:
  • Yield strength: >800 MPa
  • Tensile strength: >1210 MPa
  • Elongation: >13 %
  • Reduction of area: >18 %
  • Hardness HV: 350-485
• 700°C:
  • Long-time strength, 23h: 520 MPa

Rupture stress of Waspaloy alloy after type A heat treatment recommended by Special Metals (see "Heat treatment" section for description):

• 650°C, 1000h: 615 MPa
• 705°C, 1000h: 450 MPa
• 760°C, 1000h: 290 MPa
• 815°C, 1000h: 180 MPa
• 870°C, 1000h: 110 MPa

Corrosion behaviour

Good resistance to the corrosion occurring in gas turbines, driven by oxidation, carburisation, and nitridation.

Oxidation - good resistance. 1008h long static oxidation test results:

• 980°C:
  • Metal loss: 0.0152 mm
  • Average metal affected: 0.079 mm
• 1095°C:
  • Metal loss: 0.036 mm
  • Average metal affected: 0.14 mm
• 1150°C:
  • Metal loss: 0.079 mm
  • Average metal affected: 0.33 mm
• 1205°C:
  • Metal loss: >0.4 mm
  • Average metal affected: >0.4 mm

A sufficient resistance to cyclic oxidation, with heating and cooling periods. According to tests in a flowing air environment at 1095°C with 25-hour cycles, the corrosion rate is 3.15 mm/year. For 168-hour cycles, the rate is 1.19 mm/year.

High-temperature carburisation - very good resistance, as confirmed by carbon absorption in:

• Ar-5H₂-5CO-5CH₄ 215h; 870°C: 0.3 mg/cm²
• Ar-5H₂-5CO-5CH₄ 215h; 930°C: 1.3 mg/cm²
• Ar-5H₂-5CO-5CH₄ 55h; 980­°C: 2 mg/cm²

Weldability

Fair weldability. It weld with relatively little difficulty but sometimes is cracking during required postweld heat treating. To avoid strain-age cracks, the heating rate to the solution annealing temperature should be as fast as possible. Additionally, it is recommended that material to be welded is in solution-treated condition before welding.

Heat treatment, working and machining

Forgeability - good. Hot working range - 1170-980°C.

Solution-treatment and age hardening - various manufacturers and different standards provide slightly different details regarding the recommended heat treatment for the Waspaloy alloy. In each case, however, the process involves solution annealing and multi-stage age hardening.

• The procedure according to Haynes® International
  • Solution-treatment: 1066-1093°C; rapid air cool / water quench
  • Age hardening I: 996°C; 2h; air cool
  • Age hardening II: 843°C; 4h; air cool
  • Age hardening III: 760°C; 16h; air cool
• The procedure type A according to Special Metals for optimum high-temperature creep and stress-rupture properties:
  • Solution-treatment: 1080°C; 4h; air cool
  • Stabilizing anneal: 845°C; 24h; air cool
  • Age hardening: 760°C; 16h; air cool
• The procedure type B according to Special Metals for optimum room- and high-temperature tensile properties:
  • Solution-treatment: 995-1035°C; 4h; oil quench
  • Stabilizing anneal: 845°C; 4h; air cool
  • Age hardening: 760°C; 16h; air cool
• The procedure according to EN 3220:
  • Solution-treatment: 1010-1080°C; 1h; oil quench
  • Stabilizing anneal: 850°C; 4h; air cool
  • Age hardening: 760°C; 16h; air cool

We deliver this steel alloy as:

• Rod, bar, wire, forging according to ISO 9723, ISO 9724, ISO 9724, AMS 5704, AMS 5706, AMS 5707, AMS 5708, AMS 5709, AMS 5828, ASTM B 637, ASME SB-637, EN 3220
• Plates, strips and sheets according to AMS 5544

Replacements, equivalents and other designations:

Waspalloy, UNS N07001, Waspaloy, Bohler L303, EMVAC WP, Aeralloy Waspalloy, Haynes® Waspaloy, Carpenter Waspaloy, Pyrotool Alloy W, Udimet Waspaloy, Unitemp HS, Unitemp Waspaloy, XEV-H, GH4738, GH684, GH738, 2.4654, NiP101HT, Ni-PH1302, Ni-WH1302, Ni-P100HT, Ni-P101HT, NiCr20Co13Mo4Ti3Al, NW7001, AMS 5544, AMS 5586, AMS 5704, AMS 5706, AMS 5707, AMS 5708, AMS 5709, AMS 5828, AISI 685, AMS AS7471, J467 Waspaloy, ASTM N 637 (N07001) / ASME SB-637 (N07001), ASTM N 637 Grade 685 / ASME SB-637 Grade 685