
Tool steel for cold work
- Carbon low alloy construction steel
- Heat treatable engineering steel
- Case-hardening alloy steel
- Structural alloy spring steel
- Aviation and aero steels
- Boiler alloy and low alloy steel
- Bearing alloy structural steel
- Wear resistance manganese steel - Hadfield steel
- Heat resistant and valve steel
- Structural alloy steel for nitriding
Alloy tool steels for cold work
- 90MnCrV8
- AISI O2
- T31502
- 100MnCrW4
- AISI O1
- T31501
- 80CrV2
- 145Cr6
- NC6
- 12Ch1
- NC10
- X165CrV12
- X210Cr12
- AISI D4
- T30404
- 115CrV3
- AISI L2
- T61202
- X48CrMoV8-1-1
- 73MoV5-2
- 50NiCr13
- 45SiCrV6
- 45CrMoV7
- 61CrSiV5
- 31CrV3
- 31CrV2
- 100CrMoV8-1-1
- 21MnCr5
- 60MnSiCr4
- 45NiCrMo16
- AISI 6F7
- 40NiCrMo16
- AISI 6F3
- X210CrW12
- AISI D3
- T30403
- 153CrMoV12
- AISI D2
- T30402
- X50CrMoW9-1-1
- X100CrMoV5
- AISI A2
- T30102
- 60WCrV8
- AISI S1
- T41901
- 45WCrV7
- AISI S1
- T41901
- 105WCr6
- AISI O7
- T31507
- 60CrMoV18-5
- 86CrMoV7
Characteristics and application
Cold work alloys provide a much better alternative to carbon tool steels. By the additions of Chromium - Cr, Managane - Mn, Molybdenum - Mo, these steels exhibit much better hardenability. Also, the additions of Tungsten - W, and Vanadium V - increase the amount of carbides in the alloy steels, which improves the abrasion resistance.
They are much more resistant to abrasion and have higher impact resistance, low tendency to deformation, increased resistance to oxidation, resistance to thermal fatigue and to warp. As a tool steels of higher quality, they are suitable for cutting parts, some of the grades are suitable for cold working and plastic working, cold dies, cutters for dies, pneumatic tools and chisels and drifts.
Chemical composition of tool steel for cold work
Explaining more accurately - Chrome affects the depth of hardening, hardness and abrasion resistance, Vanadium - prevents the growth of particles in the structure and supports the formation of carbides, Tungsten - is also responsible for increasing the abrasion resistance and gives the material a machining ability. Tool steels for cold work are used at temperatures of around 200 ℃ and carbon ranges in grades are in the range of 0.40-2.20%.
From Cr-W-Si low carbon grades and other low carbon steel grades, it is expected to have increased ductility, soft core and hard surface are expected, which is used for impact loads.
The chemical composition of tool steels is conducive to the presence of dispersion alloy carbide such as MC, MC, M₇C₃, M₃C, M₄C₃, M₂C, M₂₃C₆, and M₆C w in their structure, which affect the hardness of the materials.
Due to the structure of steel, we distinguish hypereutectoid steels, hypoeutectoid steels, and ledeburitic steel. By dividing them on the basis of the chemical composition, we can name - high-carbon low-allow tool steels, high-alloy tool steels, medium-carbon steels, and high-chromium medium-carbon steels.
The heat treatment is too large to uniformly lay down, but the main assumption is that the tool steel is applied to the martensite structure without grain growth at tempering temperatures in oil or water in the range of 720-1020 ℃ and tempering in the range of 150-450 ℃.