F316/L, TP316/L, 1.4404, 1.4401 - stainless steel

1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2, 1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2, AISI 316, AISI 316L - austenitic stainless steel 17-12-2 with addition of molybdenum according to EN 10088-1.

1.4404, 1.4401, AISI 316/L - application and specification

Austenitic stainless steel is resistant to intergranular corrosion, used mainly in environments containing harmful chlorides, acids and urea. 316/316L is the basic grade from the CrNiMo group with Molybdenum, the addition of which significantly increases the resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion of steel by 2-3 times.

Materials in grade 1.4404/1.4401 are suitable for use in the environment of phosphoric, nitric, citric, lactic, formic, acetic acids, in the presence of alkalis - hydroxides, and salts - nitrates, chlorides, fluorides, acetates and sulphates. The grade also shows resistance to the marine environment and salts. The steel is not resistant to chloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, formic acid in high concentrations, sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid.

316 and 316L products are characterized by resistance to high temperatures, high plasticity, ductility, and relatively good ductility. They are suitable for compression, cold and tensile hardening to produce springs and spring elements from strips or wires. The materials show non-magnetic properties in soft condition, relatively good mechanical properties in cryogenic temperatures and good weldability not requiring additional heat treatment processes. It is also important to note the relatively low mechanical properties, which are not conducive to mechanical applications, and the difficult machinability of steel.

Steel 316/L as well as 1.4404/1.4401 is widely used in the oil, nitrogen, shipbuilding, chemical, construction, refinery, medical, cellulose, cryogenic, automotive, as well as food processing industries in the form of plates, tapes, pipes, sleeves, fittings, forgings, bars, for parts of gas installations, heat exchangers, railings, ship equipment and public transport vehicles, valves, tanks, pumps, radiators, food processing machines in dairy, catering, meat plants, vegetable and fruit processing plants, distillers, chimneys, steam systems, pipelines, pressure equipment, crystallizers, cisterns, silos, swimming pools, boiler parts, condensers, autoclaves, reactors or condensing equipment.

In case of production requiring the use of better grades with higher chromium, nickel and molybdenum content, it is recommended to use 1.4435, 1.4436 and 1.4432.

What are the differences between 1.4404 and 1.4401, and 316 and 316L?

Products manufactured in these grades are generally double-certified. The differences between the grades are visible for the maximum content of Coal and Sulphur.

Mechanical properties of 1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2, 1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2

Superasturated relaxed delivery condition +AT

• Peeled hot-rolled bars and forgings
  • Tensile strength, R_m 500 - 700 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >200 MPa
  • Hardness, HB: <215
  • Elongation, A: >30%
  • Impact strength, KV: >60J
• Cold finished bars <16mm
  • Tensile strength, R_m 580 - 930 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >380 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >25%
• Cold finished bars 16-63mm
  • Tensile strength, R_m 500 - 830 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >200 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >30%
  • Impact strength, KV: >100J
• Cold finished bars with diameters of 63-160mm
  • Tensile strength, R_m 500 - 700 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >200 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >40%
  • Impact strength, KV: >100J
• Cold rolled sheets and strips
  • Tensile strength, R_m 530 - 680 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >240 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >40%
• Drawn wires in coils or spools
  • dimensions 0.05-0.10mm - R_m: < 1100 MPa
  • dimensions 0.1-0.2mm - R_m: < 1050 MPa
  • dimensions 0.2-0.5mm - R_m: < 1000 MPa
  • dimensions 0.5-1.0mm - R_m: < 950 MPa
  • dimensions 1.0-3.0mm - R_m: < 900 MPa
  • dimensions 3.0-5.0mm - R_m: < 850 MPa
  • dimensions >0.5mm - R_m: < 800 MPa
• Cold-hardened wires in coils or spools
  • +C500 - R_m: 500 - 700 MPa
  • +C600 - R_m: 600 - 800 MPa
  • +C700 - R_m: 700 - 900 MPa
  • +C800 - R_m: 800 - 1000 MPa
  • +C900 - R_m: 900 - 1100 MPa
  • +C1000 - R_m: 1000 - 1250 MPa
  • +C1100 - R_m: 1100 - 1350 MPa
  • +C1200 - R_m: 1200 - 1450 MPa
  • +C1400 - R_m: 1400 - 1700 MPa
  • +C1600 - R_m: 1600 - 1900 MPa
  • +C1800 - R_m: 1800 - 2100 MPa
• Stainless steel hot rolled sheets
  • Tensile strength, R_m 520 - 670 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >220 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >45%
  • Impact strength, KV: >60J
• Seamless hot-rolled pipes
  • Tensile strength, R_m 490 - 690 MPa
  • Yield strength, R_e: >190 MPa
  • Elongation, A: >40%
  • Impact strength, KV: >60J
• Other physical and mechanical properties:
  • Modulus of elasticity E = 215 GPa
  • Thermal capacity, c_p = 500 J * kg^-1 * K^-1
  • Thermal conductivity, λ = 15 W * m^-1 * K^-1

Mechanical properties during operation at elevated and reduced temperatures

Procesy obróbki cieplnej i plastycznej stali 1.4404, 1.4401

• Obróbka plastyczna na gorąco w temperaturach 1150 - 900℃
• Przesycanie w temperaturze 1050 - 1100℃ z chłodzeniem w wodzie lub powietrzu

W wyżej wymienionych gatunkach zaopatrujemy przedsiębiorstwa w:

• Pręty łuszczone i ciągnione
• Taśmy nierdzewne i sprężynowe
• Druty nierdzewne na szpulach lub w kręgach
• Blachy z/w i g/w nierdzewne, wypałki, formatki cięte z blach
• Odkuwki, pierścienie, pręty kute
• Rury wykończone na zimno, na gorąco bez szwu i ze szwem
• Rury kapilarne